Which lever arrangement places the fulcrum between the input force and the load?

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Placing the fulcrum between the input force and the load creates a Class I lever. In this setup, your push and the load are on opposite sides of the pivot, so the lever rotates around the fulcrum as you apply force. The balance of torques around the fulcrum matters: effort times its distance from the fulcrum equals load times its distance from the fulcrum. If your effort arm is longer than the load arm, you gain a mechanical advantage and can lift the load with less input force; if the load arm is longer, more force is needed. The other arrangements don’t put the fulcrum between the two forces, so they correspond to different lever classes and have different force-distance behavior.